Unknown usb device descriptor request failed hard drive​

1. Unknown USB Device Descriptor Request Failed

 This error typically occurs when a computer is unable to properly communicate with a USB – connected hard drive at the most fundamental level. The device descriptor is a crucial piece of information that the USB device (in this case, the hard drive) sends to the host computer upon connection. It contains details such as the device class, subclass, protocol, and vendor – specific information. When the request for this descriptor fails, the computer cannot identify the device correctly, leading to potential data access issues.

2. Causes of the Error

2.1 Hardware – related Causes

Faulty USB Cable

A damaged or frayed USB cable can disrupt the data transfer between the hard drive and the computer. Since the device descriptor request is one of the first data exchanges that occur when a USB device is connected, a poor – quality or malfunctioning cable can cause this request to fail. For example, if the internal wires of the cable are broken or short – circuited, the electrical signals carrying the device descriptor information may not reach the computer accurately.

USB Port Issues

The USB port on the computer itself could be malfunctioning. This could be due to physical damage, such as bent pins inside the port. Additionally, if the port has been over – used or has accumulated dust and debris, it can lead to poor electrical connections. In some cases, a motherboard – level problem with the USB controller associated with the port can also cause issues. For instance, if the USB controller has overheated or has a manufacturing defect, it may not be able to handle the device descriptor request properly.

Hard Drive Physical Damage

Physical damage to the hard drive can also result in this error. If the hard drive has been dropped, jostled, or has experienced a mechanical shock, components such as the read – write heads, platters, or the controller board may be damaged. The device descriptor is stored on the hard drive’s controller, and if the controller is damaged, it may not be able to send the correct descriptor information to the computer.

2.2 Software – related Causes

Outdated or Corrupted USB Drivers

USB drivers are essential for the computer to communicate with USB devices. If the USB drivers on the computer are outdated, they may not be compatible with the latest hard drive models. For example, a new hard drive may use a more advanced USB protocol that an old driver cannot handle. Additionally, corrupted USB drivers can cause issues. A driver can become corrupted due to a software glitch, a virus or malware infection, or an improper driver installation or uninstallation. When the drivers are corrupted, they may not be able to process the device descriptor request correctly.

Operating System Glitches

The operating system plays a vital role in managing USB device connections. Glitches within the operating system, such as a bug in the USB stack, can cause problems with device descriptor requests. For example, in some cases, a recent operating system update may have introduced a compatibility issue with certain USB devices. Also, if the operating system’s registry, which stores important configuration information about hardware devices, is corrupted, it can affect the proper identification of the hard drive.

2.3 Power – related Causes

Insufficient Power Supply

USB hard drives require a certain amount of power to operate. If the USB port on the computer is unable to supply enough power to the hard drive, it may not function properly. This is more common in laptops, where the USB ports may have limited power output. Some external hard drives, especially those with high – speed transfer capabilities or multiple platters, require more power than a standard USB port can provide. In such cases, the hard drive may not be able to initialize correctly and send the device descriptor. Additionally, if the power adapter for the hard drive (if it has one) is faulty or not connected properly, it can also lead to power – related issues.

3. Solutions to the Error

3.1 Hardware – related Solutions

Check and Replace the USB Cable

First, visually inspect the USB cable for any signs of damage. If any damage is detected, replace the cable with a new, high – quality one. To ensure compatibility, it is advisable to use a cable that is rated for the speed and power requirements of the hard drive. For example, if the hard drive supports USB 3.0 speeds, use a USB 3.0 – compatible cable. After replacing the cable, reconnect the hard drive to the computer and check if the error persists.

Test Different USB Ports

Try connecting the hard drive to different USB ports on the computer. This can help determine if the issue is specific to a particular port. If the hard drive works correctly when connected to a different port, it indicates that the original port is faulty. In this case, you may need to have the port repaired or use an alternative port for future connections. If the computer has multiple types of USB ports (e.g., USB 2.0 and USB 3.0), try connecting the hard drive to both types to see if there is any difference in functionality.

Inspect and Repair the Hard Drive (if possible)

If you suspect physical damage to the hard drive, it is a more complex situation. For non – sealed hard drives, you can carefully open the enclosure (if you have the necessary skills and tools) and check for any visible signs of damage, such as loose connections, bent pins on the controller board, or scratches on the platters. However, opening a hard drive can be risky as it can expose the sensitive internal components to dust and static electricity. If you are not confident in performing this inspection, it is best to consult a professional data recovery service. In some cases, if the damage is minor, such as a loose connection on the controller board, it may be possible to repair the hard drive.

3.2 Software – related Solutions

Update or Reinstall USB Drivers

To update the USB drivers, you can usually do this through the Device Manager in Windows. Open the Device Manager, expand the “Universal Serial Bus controllers” category, right – click on the relevant USB controller or device, and select “Update driver.” You can choose to search automatically for updated driver software online. If the drivers are corrupted, it may be better to uninstall the existing USB drivers first. After uninstalling, restart the computer, and the operating system will usually reinstall the default USB drivers. You can then update these drivers to the latest version. On macOS, you can usually update drivers through the App Store or by visiting the manufacturer’s website for specific driver updates.

Fix Operating System Glitches

If the issue is suspected to be an operating system glitch, running a system file checker can be helpful. In Windows, you can open the Command Prompt as an administrator and run the command “sfc /scannow.” This command will scan the system files for any corruption and attempt to repair them. For macOS, you can use Disk Utility to repair disk permissions and perform a disk check. If the problem is due to a recent operating system update, you may consider rolling back the update if possible. However, this should be done with caution as it may also remove important security patches and features.

3.3 Power – related Solutions

Provide Adequate Power

If the hard drive is not getting enough power from the USB port, you can try using a powered USB hub. A powered USB hub has its own power supply, which can provide additional power to the hard drive. Connect the hard drive to the powered USB hub, and then connect the hub to the computer’s USB port. If the hard drive has its own power adapter, ensure that it is properly connected and that the adapter is working. You can test the power adapter with a multimeter to check if it is supplying the correct voltage.

4. Prevention of the Error

4.1 Hardware – related Prevention

Use High – Quality Hardware

When purchasing a USB hard drive, USB cables, or USB hubs, invest in high – quality products. High – quality USB cables are less likely to experience signal degradation or breakage. Similarly, a well – made hard drive from a reputable manufacturer is more likely to be durable and less prone to physical damage. When choosing a USB hub, ensure that it is capable of providing sufficient power to connected devices if needed.

Handle Hardware with Care

Avoid subjecting the hard drive to physical shocks. When transporting the hard drive, use a protective case. When connecting or disconnecting the USB cable, do so gently to prevent damage to the connectors on both the hard drive and the computer. Also, keep the computer and hard drive in a clean environment to prevent dust and debris from entering the USB ports.

4.2 Software – related Prevention

Keep Software Updated

Regularly update the operating system, USB drivers, and any other relevant software. Operating system updates often include bug fixes and improvements to the USB stack, which can prevent issues with device descriptor requests. USB driver updates can enhance compatibility with new hardware devices. Set your operating system and software to automatically check for updates or check for updates regularly manually.

Use Antivirus and Malware Protection

Install a reliable antivirus and malware protection program on your computer. Viruses and malware can corrupt system files, including USB drivers and operating system components. Regularly scan your computer to detect and remove any potential threats.

4.3 Power – related Prevention

Understand Power Requirements

Before purchasing a USB hard drive, check its power requirements. If you are using a laptop or a computer with limited USB power output, ensure that the hard drive can operate within those limits. If necessary, consider purchasing a hard drive that comes with its own power adapter or use a powered USB hub from the start.